How It Works
Repono owns and operates large-scale energy storage systems through a variety of models and using highly automatized processes. There are currently three pillars to how we operate:
1. Short-term spot markets
Short-term spot markets are exchanges for electricity buyers and sellers. There are various sub-markets based on different time schedules, including day-ahead, intra-day and continuous intra-day trading. As an ongoing, transparent market, energy storage operators can bid based on the energy they have stored and inject it into the grid at the right time. By monitoring the exchange market, they can choose when to charge the battery from the grid and when to sell, typically charging overnight and selling the next day. Due to volatility, the more real-time the market, the more profitable it is.
2. Ancillary services
Ancillary services are used to ensure grid stability and security of supply. The optimal grid frequency in Europe is 50 Hz, and operators are constantly monitoring the grid to make sure it does not drop or spike outside of this range. Storage can therefore play an important role on these so-called balancing markets, by offering ancillary services to stabilize the grid. As renewable energy sources increase, volatility increases and so does the need for balancing services of the electricity grid.
3. Power Purchase Agreements (PPA)
A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is a bi-lateral agreement for long-term electricity supply between off takers and energy producers. Many large industrial players in Europe are currently signing PPAs with renewable energy operators for fixed term delivery of energy at set prices. Storage has a crucial role to play here to supply the baseload and fill in when sun or wind power is not available.